On the east side of the Sierra, the mountains responded by springing upward to create the dramatic eastern face that includes Mount Whitney, highest peak in the 48 states. That side is pinned against the San Andreas fault so it can't simply break and spring upward like the eastern Sierra, which is being pulled away from Nevada. The Memorial Stadium is located on top of the Hayward Fault trace. Our project is a literature review of scholarly papers and will attempt to cover select topics in the realm of earthquakes and landfills with a condensed discussion of the topic at hand. There, most of the fault between the surface and its base at around 15 kilometers depth turns out weak and slippery, and only a narrow band of rock in the middle of that range has enough friction to gather a lot of strain energy. Last week I gave a walking tour of the Hayward fault along the Oakland-Berkeley border. transient fault creep accumulating an average of 20–25 mm of displacement on the fault followed by a gradual return to steady creep around year 2000. Monitoring Fault Creep on the Hayward Fault using Structure from Motion Jerlyn L. Swiatlowski, & Gareth J. Funning Submitted August 14, 2018, SCEC Contribution #8509, 2018 SCEC Annual Meeting Poster #117 Fault creep is an ongoing process that can be a problem for urban areas that lie along the fault … Earthquakes estimated at magnitude 5.9 occurred on the Hayward Fault in 1864 and 1870, and a magnitude 5.6 event struck in 1889. When people learn about it, they often wonder if fault creep can defuse future earthquakes, or make them smaller. Fault creep is the name for the slow, constant slippage that can occur on some active faults without there being an earthquake. Login to your account or register to create a new one to submit your comment. Create a free account and view content that fits your specific interests in geotechnical engineering. When the authors fed that result into a model of the San Andreas fault's physics, the model accounted for the size and nature of the creeping section. The Hayward fault is documented to undergo significant creep, with some patches accommodating 50% or more of the long‐term fault displacement. Creep rates over … Aseismic creep occurs in the uppermost 5 km of the Hayward fault, faster in the south (6-9 mm/yr) than in the north (5 mm/yr). Get the best of KQED’s science coverage in your inbox weekly. For ten years I was lucky enough to have my office right on top of the fault, in the infamous "Section KK" at the stadium. First, we want to explain why some faults creep and others do not – why it happens on the Hayward fault in Fremont, and not (for example) on the San Andreas fault in Palo Alto. Since then, nearly three million people have moved next to the Hayward fault with little regard for its earthquake potential. Alignment arrays ( named locations on the map) indicate that the creep process is centered on the surface fault and is manifest as discrete slip on surface cracks within a shear zone 5-50 m wide. I pointed out places where creep has been gently distorting the streets. Creep is steady fault movement, varying from continuous to episodic with creep events lasting minutes to days. The result is that the southern Great Valley is at its widest and deepest there, in the Tulare geologic basin. It was approximately a magnitude 6.9. NCGS Commemorates the 1906 Great Earthquake by Walking…the Hayward Fault! Hayward fault creeps with a rate of approximately 1cm/year. (In this picture the Bay Area is near the edge of that pattern, so while our faults creep they still are considered able to clobber us with magnitude-7 events.). For the creeping section the model suggests a pattern of earthquakes no bigger than magnitude 6 or so, plus lots of creep. Its paleoearthquake record suggests such events occur regularly and frequently, with a 161 65 1σ and 10 yr (1standard error of the mean) mean recurrence interval (Lienkaemper et al., 2010). Not yet; it's just another good hypothesis that fits a variety of data but needs refinement. In this paper, we refer to the whole creep response of the Hayward fault (i.e., the 6 years reduction in fault creep rate and the 1996 rapid fault creep) as a “creep … In the Figure you can see the almost 90 degrees change in the course of the stream. [1] Spatial and temporal variations of aseismic fault creep influence the size and timing of large earthquakes along partially coupled faults. Just days later, the September issue of the journal Geology came out with a paper that makes an intriguing connection between our creeping faults and slow activity on the other side of the Sierra Nevada microplate, where the Earth's outer shell is secretly splitting apart. The Hayward fault slips in large earthquakes and by aseismic creep observed along its surface trace. The Hayward fault in California and the Chishang fault in Taiwan are examples of faults that rapidly creep at the surface but are also known to have produced magnitude 6.8 earthquakes. Among other things, I talked about the fault's peculiar behavior called aseismic creep, in which the two sides of the fault move slowly past each other at just a few millimeters per year without the help of earthquakes. Every April (anniversary month of the SF '06 earthquake), tours would come and see all the wonderful signs of creep. Scientific consensus is when everyone accepts a good hypothesis and moves ahead because they've run out of good counterarguments. What happens farther west? Thus, if large earthquakes can occur on faults, or sections of a fault, that are slowly creeping, these need to be better understood and taken seriously. In my very second post, back in 2007, I suggested that we take over the name, and a couple years back I pointed out eight iconic places to see the Oakland fault in action. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. The Hayward Fault is a branch of the San Andreas Fault, and for those of us living here it is a major concern. Among other things, I talked about the fault's peculiar behavior called aseismic creep, in which the two sides of the fault move slowly past each other at just a few millimeters per year without the help of … The three maps were compared with seismicity, including aseismic patches, surface creep, and fault dip along the fault, by using visualization software to explore three-dimensional relationships. The authors are Laetitia Le Pourhiet, a French geophysicist, and Jason Saleeby, a geologist at Caltech's Tectonics Observatory who has studied the southern Sierra Nevada for decades. Although there are no observations of surface creep in San Pablo Bay, repeating earthquakes identified along the offshore Hayward fault trend ( 18 ) suggest that seismic Creep is occurring along it. The Figures that follow show indications of the Hayward fault creep on a road in the City of Hayward. The Hayward fault (HF) in California exhibits large (M w 6.5–7.1) earthquakes with short recurrence times (161±65 yr), probably kept short by a 26%–78% aseismic release rate (including postseismic).Its interseismic release rate varies locally over time, as we infer from many decades of surface creep data. Last week I gave a walking tour of the Hayward fault along the Oakland-Berkeley border. Although it is documented to undergo significant creep, with some creeping patches accommodating 50% or more of the long-term fault displacement, the fault also experiences moderate to large earthquakes (most recent M ~6.8 in 1868). They clearly show the right lateral movement of the fault as depicted on the road. On its west side, the drip is still attached and pulling down on the crust. The Hayward Fault runs along the foot of the East Bay hills, something that all residents of the Bay Area, and the East Bay in particular, should know. The paleoseismic record allows multi-segment, Hayward fault-RCF ruptures, but does not require it. The east end (the Sierra) bends upward and the middle (the Tulare basin) bends down. Creep along the Hayward fault resulted in the "migration" of the stream. In geology, aseismic creep or fault creep is measurable surface displacement along a fault in the absence of notable earthquakes. If you think of the Earth's crust across central California as an air mattress floating in a pool, imagine a swimmer grabbing it in the middle from below and pulling down. Thanks for signing up for our newsletter. In the meantime, I can show you examples of Hayward fault creep in Hayward, in Fremont and in Pinole. Cracks appear in masonry and paving along the length of the fault, and the walls of … Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. There are many easy tours you can take to get a closer look at this subterranean beast, as well as maps to find out how close you live to the fault and what seismic hazards—such as landslides or liquefaction—exist near you. To solve for a time‐dependent mode On April 15, 2006, Drs. Dislocation models of the surface deformation adjacent to the Hayward fault measured with the global positioning system and interferometric synthetic aperture radar favor creep at ∼7 millimeters per year to the bottom of the seismogenic zone along a ∼20-kilometer-long northern fault … The steady creep along the fault results in relative displacement of the two parts of the stadium. The fault slipped 3 to 6 feet along the fault. I explained that creep doesn't remove much earthquake energy because it only affects shallow parts of the fault that can't store much energy anyway. The Hayward fault is an extremely interesting feature of the East Bay and you can see its footprints all over the place once you know where and how to look. California really is different from its neighbors.). The fault broke for about 30 miles from around Milpitas to the Oakland-Berkeley border. The "Big Drip", if I may call it that, is bending and twisting the rest of our microplate. 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